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Preventive Effect of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805 Yogurt Intake on Influenza Infection among Schoolchildren  [PDF]
Kiyomi Sakata, Yumie Sasaki, Kenta Jounai, Toshio Fujii, Daisuke Fujiwara
Health (Health) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/health.2017.94054
Abstract:
Objective: A community-based intervention study was conducted to examine the effect of consumption of JCM 5805 yogurt on influenza incidence rates and the cumulative incidence rates among schoolchildren in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Methods: Schoolchildren and their parents in Shizukuishi town were told of the purpose, frequency and duration of JCM 5805 yogurt administration. The number of elementary schoolchildren in Shizukuishi town was 780 while that of junior high school students in Shizukuishi town numbered 475. The number of elementary schoolchildren in neighboring town A was 208 and that of junior high school students in town A was 121. JCM 5805 yogurt was delivered three times a week to all elementary schools and junior high schools in Shizukuishi town from January 16 through March 18, 2015. The incidence rate was calculated every week as the maximum case number divided by the number of schoolchildren in each school. The cumulative incidence rate was calculated as the total case number during the period when JCM 5805 yogurt was delivered divided by the number of schoolchildren in each school. Results: JCM 5805 yogurt intake was associated with a two-thirds reduction in influenza incidence rates in Shizukuishi town schoolchildren compared with those of town A. Furthermore, the cumulative incidence rates of the elementary school and combined data from the elementary school and junior high school were significantly lower than those of neighbor town A. Conclusion: JCM 5805 yogurt intake reduced both the incidence rates and cumulative incidence rates of influenza.
Study of the Possible Use of a Home-Visit Nursing Interventional Lymphedema Care Program for Secondary Lymphedema in the Elderly at Home  [PDF]
Kiyomi Morimoto
Health (Health) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.1111115
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to clarify the possible use of and points to improve a home-visit nursing interventional lymphedema care program (plan) we developed. Methods: The subjects were visiting nurses with at least three years of home-visit nursing experience and experience with lymphedema care for the elderly at home. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the collected opinions were aggregated and summarized. Results: Based on interviews with nine subjects, opinions regarding the use of the program, such as “The assessment perspective at the time of introduction helps to grasp the needs for a wide variety of subjects”, and regarding points to improve, such as “It is necessary to set the duration and timing of the section considering the frequency of visits and degree of edema at the time of introduction” and “It is necessary to have a perspective concerning efforts to maintain motivation for care of the elderly and their families”, were aggregated. Discussion: The results of the interviews were generally useful for the structure and development of the program, care methods and content, and interventions for influencing factors. Consideration of setting the timing according to the degree of lymphedema, modification of the program’s development, development of a program that fully considers the degree of edema at the time of introduction and the acceptance of edema among the elderly, and the need to consider the care content that should be given priority were suggested as points for improvement.
Association between relocation and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors: a longitudinal study in tsunami survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
Akira Ogawa,Kiyomi Sakata,Kozo Tanno,Motoyuki Nakamura,Seiichiro Kobayashi,Shuko Takahashi,Yuki Yonekura
- , 2016, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011291
Abstract: Objectives The aim of this study is to determine changes in atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factors with and without serious disaster-related mental and socioeconomic problems represented by relocation (REL). Design A longitudinal survey. Setting Multiphasic health check-ups for the general population affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Participants A total 6528 disaster survivors in heavily tsunami-damaged municipalities were recruited. Two sequential surveys were conducted and the data were analysed. Main outcome measures Multiphasic health check-ups including investigation of lifestyle and psychological and socioeconomic measures were performed in two sequential phases (8 and 18？months) after the disaster for tsunami survivors with REL (n=3160) and without REL (n=3368). Longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic risk factors between the two phases were compared in the REL and non-REL groups. Results In sex/age-adjusted analysis, we found increases in body weight and waist circumference between the two phases that were significantly greater in the REL group than in the non-REL group (body weight:+0.31 (0.23～0.39) versus ？0.24 (？0.32～？0.16) kg, p<0.001; waist circumference:+0.58 (0.48～0.68) versus+0.05 (？0.05～0.15) cm, p<0.001)). A decrease in serum HDLC levels was found and again was significantly greater in the REL group than in the non-REL group (？0.65 (？0.96～？0.34) versus ？0.09 (？0.39～0.21) mg/dL, p=0.009). In addition, deterioration in physical activity, mental health and socioeconomic status was more prevalent in the REL group than in the non-REL group (all p<0.001). Conclusions This study suggests that relocation after the devastating tsunami was related to weight gain and decreasing HDLC among survivors, and this change was associated with prolonged psychological distress and socioeconomic problems after the disaster
Effects of the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine on the Mortality of Pneumonia among Elderly over 70 Years Old after the Great East Japan Earthquake—PPV Vaccination Program in Iwate Prefecture, Japan  [PDF]
Hiromi Nagashima, Kozo Tanno, Kiyomi Sakata, Masachica Akiyama, Yu Utsumi, Kohei Yamauchi
Advances in Infectious Diseases (AID) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/aid.2023.132020
Abstract: Objective: To estimate the efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) among the elderly, we analyzed the relationship between the mortality of the elderly for pneumonia and the vaccination rate of PPSV23 from 2008 to 2016 in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Study Design: The present study was a retrospective, observational, database study adopting an ecological design. The mortality for pneumonia among the elderly over 70 years old from 2006 to 2016 in Iwate Prefecture was calculated based on the data from the Japanese Vital Statistics. We compared the mortality rate (MR) of pneumonia among the elderly over 70 years old between the low-vaccinated period (LVP) (2006-2010) and high-vaccinated period (HVP) (2012-2016) using a Poisson regression model. Results: While the vaccination rate of PPSV23 among the elderly over 65 years old was 3.3% in 2010, it increased rapidly up to 40.7% in 2012 and reached 66.4% in 2016. The MR ratio of the total population during HVP to the average MR during LVP was 0.749. The MR of the total population during HVP was significantly lower than that during LVP (p < 0.001). Notably, the MRs of both men and women during HVP were significantly lower than those during LVP (p < 0.001). The significant decrease in MR during HVP started in 2012 and continued up to 2016. Conclusion: The increase in vaccination rate of PPSV23 during HVP (2012-2016) may contribute to the decrease in mortality for pneumonia among the elderly over 70 years old in Iwate Prefecture.
Mental Health and Related Factors after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Yukari Yokoyama, Kotaro Otsuka, Norito Kawakami, Seiichiro Kobayashi, Akira Ogawa, Kozo Tannno, Toshiyuki Onoda, Yumi Yaegashi, Kiyomi Sakata
PLOS ONE , 2014, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102497
Abstract: Mental health is one of the most important issues facing disaster survivors. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and correlates of mental health problems in survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami at 6–11 months after the disaster. The questionnaire and notification were sent to the survivors in three municipalities in the Tohoku area of the Northern part of Honshu, Japan’s largest island, between September 2011 and February 2012. Questionnaires were sent to 12,772, 11,411, and 18,648 residents in the Yamada, Otsuchi, and Rikuzentakata municipalities, respectively. Residents were asked to bring the completed questionnaires to their health check-ups. A total of 11,124 or (26.0%) of them underwent health check-ups, and 10,198 were enrolled. We excluded 179 for whom a K6 score was missing and two who were both 17 years of age, which left 10,025 study participants (3,934 male and 6,091 female, mean age 61.0 years). K6 was used to measure mental health problems. The respondents were classified into moderate (5–12 of K6) and serious mental health problems (13+). A total of 42.6% of the respondents had moderate or serious mental health problems. Multivariate analysis showed that women were significantly associated with mental health problems. Other variables associated with mental health problems were: younger male, health complaints, severe economic status, relocations, and lack of a social network. An interaction effect of sex and economic status on severe mental health problems was statistically significant. Our findings suggest that mental health problems were prevalent in survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. For men and women, health complaints, severe economic status, relocations, and lack of social network may be important risk factors of poor mental health. For men, interventions focusing on economic support may be particularly useful in reducing mental health problems after the disaster.
Regional Mapping of Vertical Hydraulic Gradient Using Uncertain Well Data: A Case Study of the Toyohira River Alluvial Fan, Japan  [PDF]
Yoshitaka Sakata, Ryuji Ikeda
Journal of Water Resource and Protection (JWARP) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2013.58083
Abstract:

Vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG) provides detailed information on 3D groundwater flows in alluvial fans, but its regional mapping is complicated by a lack of piezometer nests and uncertainty in conventional well data. Especially, determining representative depth of well screen in each well is problematic. Here, a VHG map of the Toyohira River alluvial fan, Sapporo, Japan, is constructed based on groundwater table elevation (GTE), using available well-data of various screen lengths and depths. The water-level data after 1988, when subway constructions are mostly completed in the city, are divided into those of shallow wells (≤20 m deep), and those of deep wells (>20 m deep). First, the GTE map is generated by kriging interpolation of shallow well data with topographic drift. Next, the individual VHG value of each deep well is calculated using its top, middle, and bottom elevations of the screen depths, respectively. The VHG maps of three cases are then obtained using neighborhood kriging. The VHG map of the bottom screen depths has proven most valid by cross-validation. The VHG map better visualizes that downward flows of groundwater are predominant over the fan. Positive area of VHG is mostly vanished around the fan-toe, indicating urbanization effect such as artificial withdrawals. A negative peak of VHG corresponds to recharge area, and is seen along the distinct losing section in the river. The negative peak also expands upstream to the fan-apex where a basement is suddenly depressed.

Scientific Catch-Up in Asian Economies: A Case Study for Solar Cell  [PDF]
Ichiro Sakata, Hajime Sasaki
Natural Resources (NR) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/nr.2013.41A017
Abstract:

A significant structural change in the pattern of economic development in Asian economies has been observed in recent years. We have seen many cases in which the Asian economies became the center of the world-wide production in an extremely short period of time after a new product entered the market. Also in the science, the number of papers written by Asian researchers has been increasing dramatically. In this situation, the existing studies cannot sufficiently explain the driving force and the mechanism of catch-up or economic growth. Therefore, it is now required to model this new type of economic development. In this paper we analyzed their scientific catch-up status using scientific papers on solar cells to clarify the structural change. After mid 1990s, knowledge creation has been accelerated in the field of solar cell. Now more than three thousand papers are published annually. We found as a result that the catch-up process in Asian economies had progressed rapidly, that some economies had a larger share of scientific papers in the frontier field of advanced science than in the matured fields, and that the strategy largely changed from area to area. A “parallel-running-type growth model” has thus been emerging in Asia. Responding to the significant changes in development model, we have to re-design the framework of economic cooperation. There is a need for further horizontal collaboration among major Asian economies and developed

Plateau of the Magnetization Curve of the S=1/2 Ferromagnetic-Ferromagnetic-Antiferromagnetic Spin Chain
Kiyomi Okamoto
Physics , 1995, DOI: 10.1016/0038-1098(96)00007-5
Abstract: I analytically study the plateau of the magnetization curve at $M/M_{\rm S} = 1/3$ (where $M_{\rm S}$ is the saturation magnetization) of the one-dimensional $S=1/2$ trimerized Heisenberg spin system with ferromagnetic ($J_{\rm F}$)-ferromagnetic ($J_{\rm F}$)-antiferromagnetic ($J_{\rm A}$) interactions at $T=0$. I use the bosonization technique for the fermion representation of the spin Hamiltonian through the Jordan-Wigner transformation. The plateau appears when $\gamma \equiv J_{\rm F}/J_{\rm A} \allowbreak < \gamma_{\rm C}$, and vanishes when $\gamma > \gamma_{\rm C}$, where the critical value $\gamma_{\rm C}$ is estimated as $\gamma_{\rm C} = 5 \sim 6$. The behavior of the width of the plateau near $\gamma_{\rm C}$ is of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type. The present theory well explains the numerical result by Hida.
Critical Properties of the transition between the Haldane phase and the large-D phase of the spin-1/2 ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with on-site anisotropy"
Kiyomi Okamoto
Physics , 1995, DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/29/8/012
Abstract: We analytically study the ground-state quantum phase transition between the Haldane phase and the large-$D$ (LD) phase of the $S=1/2$ ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic alternating Heisenberg chain with on-site anisotropy. We transform this model into a generalized version of the alternating antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with anisotropy. In the transformed model, the competition between the transverse and longitudinal bond alternations yields the Haldane-LD transition. Using the bosonization method, we show that the critical exponents vary continuously on the Haldane-LD boundary. Our scaling relations between critical exponents very well explains the numerical results by Hida.
Inversion Phenomena of the Anisotropies of the Hamiltonian and the Wave Function in Quantum Spin Chains
Kiyomi Okamoto
Physics , 2013, DOI: 10.7566/JPSCP.1.012025
Abstract: We investigate the inversion phenomena between the XXZ anisotropies of the Hamiltonian and the wave function in quantum spin chains. We focus on the S=1/2 geometrically frustrated 3-leg ladder system with the XXZ interaction anisotropy. By use of the degenerate perturbation theory from the strong rung coupling limit, we have obtained the ground-state phase diagram. In some parameter regions, the Tomonaga-Luttinger spin liquid state is realized in spite of the Ising-like anisotropy, and the Neel state in spite of the XY-like anisotropy.
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